什么是计算机?

计算机是通用电子数字计算机

计算机系统

什么是组织与结构

Computer organization The operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.

组织 (Organization):

对编程人员不透明/封装

Computer architecture Attributes of a system visible to a programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program

结构 (Architecture):

对编程人员可见,直接影响程序的逻辑执行

计算机简史

第一代: 真空管 Vacuum Tubes 1946 - 1957

第二代: 晶体管 Transistor 1958 - 1964

第三代及后:集成电路 Integrated Circuits 1965 - now