1. Threads

Thread = "thread of execution"

1.1 Why threads?

Express Concurrency

1. IO concurrency
2. Multicore parallelism
3. Convenience

1.2 Thread Challenges

1. Race Conditions
   • Prevention
     1. Avoid sharing → Using channel
     2. Use locks
   • Go has a race detector
2. Coordination
   • Channels or CV
3. Deadlocks

<aside> 💡 Go’s two plans

1. No sharing memory → Use channels
2. Shared memory → Use locks + condition variables </aside>

2. Remote Procudure Call, RPC

Goal: $\text{RPC} \approx \text{PC}$

client app        handler fns
 stub fns         dispatcher
 RPC lib           RPC lib
   net  ------------ net

2.1 Semantics Under Failures

• at-least-once
  • the client will automatically retry