<aside> 📖 2000 BC
Systems to signal a small set of pre-defined messages, like beacons
</aside>
<aside> 📖 1600s
Systems to transmit arbitrary messages, like by encoding the alphabet
</aside>
<aside> 📖 1700s
Numeric codes for common words and phrases. “Compression”
</aside>
<aside> 📖 1700s
Codes for control signals. “Protocols”
</aside>